Xu hướng ô nhiễm môi trường đô thị trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa và hàm ý chính sách cho các nước đang phát triển
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55250/Jo.vnuf.15.7.2026.112-122Từ khóa:
Chính sách môi trường, đô thị hóa, kinh tế tuần hoàn, ô nhiễm môi trường đô thị, toàn cầu hóaTóm tắt
Trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa và đô thị hóa diễn ra nhanh chóng, ô nhiễm môi trường đô thị đã trở thành một trong những thách thức nghiêm trọng nhất đối với phát triển bền vững, đặc biệt tại các quốc gia đang phát triển. Nghiên cứu này nhằm tổng quan các xu hướng ô nhiễm môi trường đô thị trên phạm vi toàn cầu, đồng thời phân tích vai trò của toàn cầu hóa trong việc định hình cấu trúc và động lực của các dạng ô nhiễm chính, bao gồm ô nhiễm không khí, ô nhiễm nước và chất thải rắn đô thị. Phương pháp nghiên cứu dựa trên tổng quan tài liệu hệ thống (SLR) kết hợp với phân tích định tính nhằm đảm bảo tính toàn diện và độ tin cậy của kết quả. Kết quả cho thấy quá trình toàn cầu hóa vừa thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế vừa làm gia tăng áp lực môi trường thông qua các dòng chảy thương mại, đầu tư và tiêu dùng xuyên biên giới, dẫn đến hiện tượng dịch chuyển ô nhiễm và gia tăng bất bình đẳng môi trường giữa các quốc gia. Bên cạnh đó, mức độ ô nhiễm có sự khác biệt rõ rệt giữa các khu vực, phản ánh vai trò của thể chế, hạ tầng và năng lực quản lý môi trường. Trên cơ sở đó, nghiên cứu đề xuất các định hướng chính sách như tăng cường quản trị môi trường, áp dụng công cụ kinh tế, phát triển hạ tầng xanh, thúc đẩy kinh tế tuần hoàn và mở rộng hợp tác quốc tế. Những kết quả này cung cấp cơ sở khoa học quan trọng cho việc hoạch định chính sách nhằm giảm thiểu ô nhiễm và hướng tới phát triển đô thị bền vững trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa.
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