Quy trình sản xuất và làm sạch Biodiesel

Lê Phú Tuấn; Lê Minh Đức

doi:10.55250/Jo.vnuf.13.6.2024.121-131

Từ khóa:

Biodiesel, làm sạch biodiesel, nhiên liệu hóa thạch, nhiên liệu sinh học

Tóm tắt

Biodiesel, một loại nhiên liệu mới, được coi là sản phẩm có thể thay thế diesel dùng cho động cơ đốt trong. Với lượng vô cùng lớn dầu ăn thải hàng năm (trên 15 triệu tấn), nếu quy đổi ra thì có thể đáp ứng một phần không nhỏ nhu cầu về dầu diesel sinh học của thế giới. Nhiều nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng việc sản xuất diesel sinh học từ dầu ăn thải cho phép tiết kiệm 21% dầu thô và 96% tiết kiệm năng lượng hóa thạch. Có thể nói năng lượng tái tạo từ nguồn dầu thực vật thải có thể sẽ là xu hướng được quan tâm nhiều trong những năm tới đây. Trên thực tế, để có thể dùng làm biodiesel, các loại dầu thực vật hoặc mỡ động vật phải được tinh chế thành methyl hoặc ethyl ester. Tuy nhiên, quy trình sản xuất biodiesel không chỉ đòi hỏi sự tối ưu hóa về mặt kinh tế mà còn phải đảm bảo về mặt môi trường và kỹ thuật. Bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp trắc lượng thư mục để tổng hợp các nghiên cứu toàn cầu, bài báo này đã tổng quan quy trình cơ bản về sản xuất và làm sạch biodiesel, từ nguyên liệu đầu vào, công nghệ chuyển hóa, tinh chế hay làm sạch để nâng cao chất lượng sản phẩm, nhằm cung cấp một cái nhìn toàn diện về tiềm năng và thách thức trong việc ứng dụng biodiesel vào thực tiễn.

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